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CAROLINGIAN MUSICIAN

An extract from Armies of the Dark Ages 600-1066
by Ian Heath

51. CAROLINGIAN MUSICIAN

Horns were used to transmit simple pre-arranged commands on the battlefield. They were either curved as shown here or straight-sided and of assorted lengths. They remained in use by most nations throughout this period, being recorded on both sides at Hastings in 1066.

Carolingian Trumpeters in Prudentius' Psychomachia, Leyden, Universitatsbibliothek, Codex Burmanni Q 3, 9th century.
Carolingian soldiers from the Golden Psalter of St. Gallen late 9th century.

Next: 52 & 53. 7TH-8TH CENTURY MEROVINGIAN CAVALRYMEN in Armies of the Dark Ages 600-1066 by Ian Heath